CHapter 21(pg 1035-1068)

   Revolution, Socialism, and Global Conflict
       
      Modern communism found its political and philosophical roots in 19th century European socialism, inspired by the teachings of Karl Marx. By then1970s, almost one-third of the world's population lived in societies governed by communist regimes. Not just Russia was under communist rule. In Vietnam, a much more locally communist movement, under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh had a social vision on how the country should be ruled. During the Cold War ( Russia Soviet Union), the Warsaw Pact brought the soviet Union and Eastern Europe communist states together in a military alliance was designed to fight against the NATO alliance ( western capitalist countries).

  China: A Prolonged Revolutionary Struggle
       For 28 years, that small party, with an initial membership of only six people, grew, transformed its tragedy and found a leader that lead wars and won battles. Many Chinese peasants were treated unfairly. The Chinese tried to rise up against their land lords. However years of guerrilla warfare, experiments with land reform in areas under communist control, and the creation of a communist military force to protect liberated areas slowly gained for the CCP a growing measure of respect and support among China's peasants.

  The Soviet Union: The Collapse of Communism and Country 
       Gorbachev was the leader of Russia during the collapse. China's booming economy, the Soviet Union spun into a sharp decline as its planned economy was dismantled before a functioning market-based system. Unlike Chinese peasants, few soviet farmers were willing to risk the jump into private farming, and new foreign investors found the Soviet Union a tempting place to do business. A brief and unsuccessful attempt to restore the old order through a military coup in August 1999 but triggered end of the Soviet Union.